Different jurisdictions organize their health technology assessment (HTA) capacity in different ways. In theory, a centralized approach offers the potential to pool the scarce resources devoted to HTA and national recommendations can be issued to encourage a uniform development of services across the whole country. On the other hand, a regional approach could help in…
Mature products (MPs – marketed for 10 years or more) are widely used off label (from 15 to 35% according to studies) despite little evidence on benefit risk ratio. This exposes patients to risks or lack of efficacy and healthcare providers to liability. However manufacturers are rarely investing in R&D development for MPs. Indeed MPs…
The aim was to investigate the association between pre-diagnostic intakes of polyphenol classes (flavonoids, lignans, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and other polyphenols) in relation to breast cancer survival (all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality). We used data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Pre-diagnostic usual diet was assessed using dietary questionnaires, and polyphenol…
ntroduction Smoking is known to be a major cause of death among middle-aged adults, but evidence on its impact and the benefits of smoking cessation among older adults has remained limited. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the influence of smoking and smoking cessation on all-cause mortality in people aged ≥60 years. Methods Relative mortality and…
Este capítulo presenta las principales normas internacionales protectoras de los derechos humanos en la atención al paciente y examina como son interpretadas por los órganos supervisores de los tratados delas Naciones Unidas (ONU). El presente capítulo está dividido en tres apartados, el primero describe las fuentes internacionales clave bajo las que se rigen los derechos…
Background Reproductive events are associated with important physiologic changes, yet little is known about how reproductive factors influence long-term health in women. Our objective was to assess the relation of reproductive characteristics with all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk. Methods The analysis was performed within the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition prospective cohort study, which…
Me decía el otro día un amigo con un semblante que reflejaba una honda preocupación: «Ayer la bolsa se desplomó un 2,5 por ciento». «No sabía que jugabas en la Bolsa», le comenté. «No, no juego, pero…». No dijo más. Yo tampoco. No hacía falta. Creo que él mismo se dio cuenta de la sinrazón,…
Disparities in health between social groups have been documented all over Europe. We summarize the methods and results of the Addressing Inequalities in Regions (AIR) project, which identified illustrative interventions and policies developed in European regions to reduce inequalities at the primary health care level. The first phase was a systematic review of the published…
Objectives To analyse the impact that the economic crisis and the evolution of socioeconomic inequality before (2007) and during (2011) the current crisis have had on unmet dental care needs in Spain. Methods The Living Conditions Surveys from the years 2007 and 2011 were used, including 44 138 adults aged under 65 years. A descriptive and stratified…
The survival of breast cancer patients is largely influenced by tumor characteristics, such as TNM stage, tumor grade and hormone receptor status. However, there is growing evidence that inherited genetic variation might affect the disease prognosis and response to treatment. Several lines of evidence suggest that alleles influencing breast cancer risk might also be associated…
