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The associations of major foods and fibre with risks of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke: a prospective study of 418 329 participants in the EPIC cohort across nine European countries

Artículos Científicos

Aim To investigate the associations between major foods and dietary fibre with subtypes of stroke in a large prospective cohort. Methods and results We analysed data on 418 329 men and women from nine European countries, with an average of 12.7 years of follow-up. Diet was assessed using validated country-specific questionnaires which asked about habitual intake over…

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The Association between Glyceraldehyde-derived Advanced Glycation End-Products and Colorectal Cancer Risk

Artículos Científicos

Background: A large proportion of colorectal cancers (CRC) are thought to be associated with unhealthy dietary and lifestyle exposures, particularly energy excess, obesity, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. It has been suggested that these processes stimulate the production of toxic reactive carbonyls from sugars such as glyceraldehyde. Glyceraldehyde contributes to the production of a group of compounds…

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The association between body fatness and mortality among breast cancer survivors: results from a prospective cohort study

Artículos Científicos, Cáncer

Evidence linking body fatness to breast cancer (BC) prognosis is limited. While it seems that excess adiposity is associated with poorer BC survival, there is uncertainty over whether weight changes reduce mortality. This study aimed to assess the association between body fatness and weight changes pre- and postdiagnosis and overall mortality and BC-specific mortality among…

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The association between adult attained height and sitting height with mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Artículos Científicos

Adult height and sitting height may reflect genetic and environmental factors, including early life nutrition, physical and social environments. Previous studies have reported divergent associations for height and chronic disease mortality, with positive associations observed for cancer mortality but inverse associations for circulatory disease mortality. Sitting height might be more strongly associated with insulin resistance;…

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Tendencia de la obesidad infantil y el bajo peso por año de nacimiento y edad en España, 1983-2011

Artículos Científicos

Introducción y objetivos Las prevalencias de obesidad infantil y sobrepeso están en aumento en todo el mundo y representan un importante problema de salud pública, especialmente en los perfiles de riesgo cardiovascular en la edad adulta si la obesidad no se revierte. La identificación precisa de las tendencias y los subgrupos en riesgo es crucial…

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Targeted maximum likelihood estimation for a binary treatment: A tutorial

Artículos Científicos

When estimating the average effect of a binary treatment (or exposure) on an outcome, methods that incorporate propensity scores, the G‐formula, or targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) are preferred over naïve regression approaches, which are biased under misspecification of a parametric outcome model. In contrast propensity score methods require the correct specification of an exposure…

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Tall height and obesity are associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer: results from the EPIC cohort study

Artículos Científicos

Background The relationship between body size and prostate cancer risk, and in particular risk by tumour characteristics, is not clear because most studies have not differentiated between high-grade or advanced stage tumours, but rather have assessed risk with a combined category of aggressive disease. We investigated the association of height and adiposity with incidence of…

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Systematic reviews on neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders linked to pesticide exposure: Methodological features and impact on risk assessment

Artículos Científicos

Background Epidemiological data are not currently used in the risk assessment of chemical substances in a systematic and consistent manner. However, systematic reviews (SRs) could be useful for risk assessment as they appraise and synthesize the best epidemiological knowledge available. Objectives To conduct a comprehensive literature search of SRs pertaining to pesticide exposure and various…

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Systematic Review of the Effect of Adherence to Statin Treatment on Critical Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Primary Prevention

Artículos Científicos

Aim: Analyze the relative risks of critical cardiovascular outcomes and mortality associated with adherence to statin treatment in a clinical setting in people with no history of prior cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted up to December 2016. The outcomes of interest were cardiovascular fatal or nonfatal events and…

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Systematic review of healthcare interventions for reducing gender-based violence impact on the mental health of women with disabilities

Artículos Científicos, Investigación, Mujeres EASP

Purpose Women with disabilities are more exposed to violence. The health sector has a key role in all three levels of prevention of violence against women. The objective of this paper was to review the interventions for preventing gender-based violence and reducing its impact on the mental health of women with any form of disability.…